What are the three types of oxygen systems used on an aircraft?

What are the three types of oxygen systems used on an aircraft?

Oxygen systems are crucial in ensuring the safety and well-being of both the crew and passengers aboard an aircraft. These systems provide a source of oxygen to individuals in case of cabin depressurization at high altitudes, where the oxygen levels are insufficient for normal breathing. There are three main types of oxygen systems utilized on aircraft: the chemical oxygen generator system, the compressed gas system, and the liquid oxygen system.

Chemical Oxygen Generator System

The chemical oxygen generator (COG) system is one of the most commonly used oxygen systems on aircraft. It employs a chemical reaction to produce oxygen for the occupants. The generator contains a mixture of sodium chlorate (NaClO3) and an ignition source such as a wire filament. When activated, the sodium chlorate decomposes, releasing oxygen gas. The exothermic reaction also produces heat, which warms the gas before it reaches the user. This system is compact, lightweight, and relatively low-cost, making it suitable for smaller aircraft.

Compressed Gas System

The compressed gas system utilizes oxygen stored in gas cylinders, under pressure, onboard the aircraft. These cylinders are usually made of high-strength alloys to withstand the pressure. The gas is released through a regulator that controls the flow rate to ensure a constant supply of oxygen to the users. The compressed gas system is highly reliable and provides a continuous supply of oxygen. It is most commonly found in larger aircraft, where the oxygen demand is higher due to the increased number of occupants.

Liquid Oxygen System

The liquid oxygen system stores oxygen in a liquid form, which is kept at extremely low temperatures, usually below -183 degrees Celsius (-297 degrees Fahrenheit). The liquid oxygen is stored in insulated containers, which prevent the oxygen from converting back into a gas until required for use. When the user breathes in, the liquid oxygen undergoes rapid evaporation, resulting in the production of breathable oxygen. The liquid oxygen system offers the advantage of providing a large supply of oxygen in a relatively small space, making it suitable for long-haul flights and aircraft with limited storage capacity.

FAQs:

1. Are these oxygen systems mandatory on all aircraft?

Yes, oxygen systems are mandatory on all aircraft, including commercial airlines, private jets, and military planes. Regulatory bodies such as the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) set specific requirements to ensure the safety of air travel.

2. How long does the oxygen supply last in these systems?

The duration of oxygen supply varies depending on the type of system and the number of occupants. However, as a standard guideline, oxygen systems are designed to provide at least 10 minutes of breathable oxygen per person, allowing sufficient time to descend to a lower altitude.

3. Can passengers use the oxygen systems?

Yes, in case of an emergency, passengers can access the oxygen systems onboard. These systems are designed to supply oxygen to both the crew and passengers, ensuring the safety and well-being of everyone on the aircraft.

4. Are there any limitations or restrictions on the use of these systems?

While oxygen systems are crucial for safety, there are certain limitations and restrictions. For example, smoking or using open flames is strictly prohibited near oxygen systems due to the risk of fire. Additionally, passengers must strictly follow the instructions provided by the crew for safe usage.

5. How often are the oxygen systems inspected and maintained?

Oxygen systems undergo regular inspections and maintenance procedures to ensure their proper functioning. These inspections are carried out according to the guidelines set by regulatory bodies and manufacturers. The inspections include checking the pressure levels, testing the regulators, and replacing any expired or damaged components.

6. Can the oxygen systems be manually activated?

Yes, in some cases, the oxygen systems can be manually activated by pulling down on overhead masks or activating the system through a control panel. However, these systems are also equipped with automatic activation mechanisms that are triggered when the cabin pressure reaches a certain threshold.

7. Are there any backup systems in case of failure?

Yes, aircraft are equipped with redundant oxygen systems to ensure reliability and safety. Backup systems are essential in case of primary system failure. The redundancy allows for continuous oxygen supply to the users, even if one system malfunctions.

8. Is there a difference in the oxygen systems used in military aircraft?

While the basic principles of oxygen systems remain the same, there may be variations in the design and functionality of oxygen systems in military aircraft. Military aircraft often have specialized systems to meet the specific requirements of combat and tactical operations.

9. Are oxygen masks available to passengers at all times?

Oxygen masks are typically stowed in compartments above passenger seats, easily accessible in case of emergency. Passengers are advised to familiarize themselves with the location and usage of oxygen masks during the pre-flight safety briefing.

10. How do pilots know when to activate the oxygen systems?

Pilots are trained to recognize the signs of cabin depressurization, such as a loss of cabin pressure or abnormal sounds. In such situations, pilots are instructed to activate the oxygen systems to ensure their own safety and that of the other occupants.

11. Can personal oxygen systems be used onboard?

Most airlines prohibit the use of personal oxygen systems brought by passengers. This is due to safety regulations and the potential risk of untested equipment interfering with the aircraft’s systems.

12. How do oxygen systems affect cabin altitude?

Oxygen systems help maintain breathable conditions for individuals when the cabin altitude increases due to high altitude flying. By supplying additional oxygen, these systems compensate for the lower atmospheric pressure, ensuring passengers and crew can breathe normally.