Who was Brigham Young?

Who Was Brigham Young?

Brigham Young, a prominent figure in American history, is often remembered as one of the key leaders of the Latter-day Saint movement and a significant pioneer in the western expansion of the United States. Serving as the second president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death in 1877, Brigham Young played a crucial role in shaping the destiny of the Mormon Church and the state of Utah. This article delves into the life, achievements, and controversies surrounding Brigham Young, shedding light on his influential legacy.

1. What were Brigham Young’s early life and background?

Born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont, Brigham Young was the ninth of eleven children. Growing up in a farming family, he received little formal education. Young had a diverse background, working as a carpenter, blacksmith, painter, and even catching fish for a living. It was during his early twenties that he was introduced to the newly founded Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and became a devoted follower of its founder, Joseph Smith.

2. How did Brigham Young become a leader in the Mormon Church?

Brigham Young’s journey to becoming a leader in the Mormon Church commenced after he joined the church in 1832. Recognizing his leadership qualities and dedication, Joseph Smith appointed Brigham Young as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in 1835. This group of apostles held significant responsibility in guiding the church’s affairs. After the assassination of Joseph Smith in 1844, Brigham Young emerged as the de facto leader, and his charisma and organizational skills led to his formal appointment as the President and Prophet of the LDS Church.

3. How did Brigham Young impact the migration to Utah?

Arguably one of Brigham Young’s most significant contributions was leading the Mormon pioneers to the Salt Lake Valley in what is now Utah. Facing persecution in various states, Young and his followers sought refuge and religious freedom in the West. In 1847, he led the first group of pioneers on a treacherous journey across rugged terrain, establishing Salt Lake City as their new settlement. Young’s exceptional leadership skills were vital in successfully organizing and motivating the pioneers, and his vision led to the establishment of a prosperous society in Utah.

4. What were Brigham Young’s views on polygamy?

Brigham Young’s views on polygamy were a subject of controversy during his lifetime and continue to be discussed today. He practiced and openly advocated for the principle of plural marriage, believing it to be a commandment from God. Young is estimated to have had over 55 wives, although the exact number remains uncertain. While his practice of polygamy was widely criticized, he defended it as a religious principle and an essential element of the church’s doctrine.

5. Did Brigham Young contribute to the overall growth and success of the Mormon Church?

Undoubtedly, Brigham Young played a pivotal role in the growth and success of the Mormon Church. Under his leadership, the church expanded significantly in terms of membership and influence. Young established settlements throughout the western United States, including Utah, Idaho, and Arizona, effectively extending the Mormon presence beyond Utah. He also emphasized education, establishing Brigham Young University in 1875, which continues to be a prestigious institution today.

6. How did Brigham Young shape the development of Utah?

Brigham Young’s influence on Utah’s development cannot be overstated. As the territorial governor of Utah from 1850 to 1858, he worked to establish a self-sustaining community and implemented various policies that contributed to the growth of the region. Young prioritized agriculture, built infrastructure such as roads and irrigation systems, and promoted economic self-sufficiency. He also played a crucial role in establishing educational institutions, fostering a thriving cultural scene, and promoting industry and trade.

7. What role did Brigham Young play in gender equality within the Mormon Church?

Brigham Young’s views on gender roles were reflective of the patriarchal society of the time. He firmly believed in gender complementarity, promoting women’s traditional roles as wives and mothers. While he encouraged women to receive education and participate in religious and community activities, he did not support them holding significant positions of ecclesiastical authority. Yet, Young recognized the importance of women’s contributions and provided them with opportunities to exercise leadership in various secular roles, contributing to the empowerment of women within society.

8. How did Brigham Young navigate the challenges of statehood for Utah?

As the leader of the Mormon community and governor of the Utah Territory, Brigham Young faced numerous challenges in achieving statehood for Utah. The federal government was wary of the Mormon Church due to its practice of polygamy, which was seen as a threat to societal norms. Young skillfully navigated these challenges, working towards Utah’s statehood by gradually distancing the church from overtly practicing polygamy and implementing policies that aligned with federal expectations. This delicate balancing act ultimately set the stage for Utah’s eventual statehood in 1896.

9. What controversies surrounded Brigham Young’s leadership?

Brigham Young’s leadership was not without controversy. One notable controversy was the infamous Mountain Meadows Massacre of 1857, where a group of Mormons, in collaboration with Native American tribes, attacked and killed approximately 120 emigrants traveling through southern Utah. Young denied involvement and condemned the atrocity, though later investigations suggested he may have had knowledge of the planned attack. Additionally, Young’s unwavering support and practice of polygamy drew criticism and opposition from outside society and some dissenting voices within the Mormon community.

10. How did Brigham Young’s leadership impact Mormonism after his death?

After Brigham Young’s passing in 1877, the Mormon Church experienced a period of transition and institutional change. The church divided leadership responsibilities among a quorum of apostles, leading to the eventual installation of subsequent presidents. While subsequent leaders departed from Young’s teachings on polygamy, they continued to build on his legacy of church expansion, community development, and an emphasis on family values. Young’s influence can still be felt today as the LDS Church has grown into a global religious institution with millions of members worldwide.

Conclusion

Brigham Young’s impact as a religious leader, pioneer, and politician cannot be underestimated. His role in leading the Mormon pioneers to Utah, establishing a thriving community, and expanding the influence of the LDS Church shaped the history of both the American West and the Mormon faith. While controversies surrounding his practice of polygamy and notable events like the Mountain Meadows Massacre have marred his legacy, Brigham Young’s contributions in societal development, education, and religious leadership continue to be acknowledged and debated to this day.